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Introduction

Confused by the myriad of terms floating around the industry and what they mean? Search the glossary for your explanation!

This glossary was kindly provided by the SANS Institute 

Glossary

Cache

Pronounced cash, a special high-speed storage mechanism. It can be either a reserved section of main memory or an independent high-speed storage device. Two types of caching are commonly used in personal computers: memory caching and disk caching.

Cache Cramming

Cache Cramming is the technique of tricking a browser to run cached Java code from the local disk, instead of the internet zone, so it runs with less restrictive permissions.

Cache Poisoning

Malicious or misleading data from a remote name server is saved [cached] by another name server. Typically used with DNS cache poisoning attacks.

Cell

A cell is a unit of data transmitted over an ATM network.

Certificate-Based Authentication

Certificate-Based Authentication is the use of SSL and certificates to authenticate and encrypt HTTP traffic.

CGI

Common Gateway Interface. This mechanism is used by HTTP servers (web servers) to pass parameters to executable scripts in order to generate responses dynamically.

Chain of Custody

Chain of Custody is the important application of the Federal rules of evidence and its handling.

Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

The Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol uses a challenge/response authentication mechanism where the response varies every challenge to prevent replay attacks.

Checksum

A value that is computed by a function that is dependent on the contents of a data object and is stored or transmitted together with the object, for the purpose of detecting changes in the data.

Cipher

A cryptographic algorithm for encryption and decryption.
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